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Part Time Occupational Medicine Job in Charleston South Carolina with PhyAmerica Government Services, Inc.
PhyAmerica Government Services is seeking a part-time Occupational Health Physician at Naval Health Clinic, Charleston, SC. The Physician will provide a full range of Occupational Health Services.
Permanent Occupational Medicine Job in Bakersfield California with California Physician Opportunities
BL-1103 Central Valley Occupational Med/Urgent Care Clinic Bakersfield is located near many California activities both in summer and winter. Great weather, all the amenities and convenience
Permanent Occupational Medicine Job in Dearborn, MI needs FM provider for Clinic Michigan with Enterprise Medical Services
Clinic in Dearborn, MI is seeking an Occupational Medicine provider to do Family Medicine in Clinic. Currently there are 60 Occupational Medicine providers and only one is doing Family Medicine. Work
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - Current Table Of Contents
The Value of Interferon Gamma Release Assays for Diagnosis Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis During an Annual Screening of Health Care Workers.
Page: 1207DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818def3dAuthors: Thijsen, Steven F. T. MD, PhD; van Rossum, Saskia V. MSc; Arend, Sandra MD, PhD; Koster, Ben MD; Machiels, Alexander M. MD; Bossink, Ailko W.J. MD, PhD
Effects of an Incentive-Based Online Physical Activity Intervention on Health Care Costs.
Page: 1209DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818dc438Authors: Lu, Chifung MS; Schultz, Alyssa B. MS; Sill, Stewart MS; Petersen, Ruth MD; Young, Joyce M. MD; Edington, Dee W. PhD
Work Health Promotion, Job Well-Being, and Sickness Absences-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Page: 1216DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818dbf92Authors: Kuoppala, Jaana MD, PhD; Lamminpaa, Anne MD, PhD; Husman, Paivi MSocSc
American Journal of Industrial Medicine
Salivary cortisol and psychosocial hazards at work
Giovanni Maina, Antonio Palmas, Massimo Bovenzi, Francesca Larese Filon Thu, 20 Nov 2008 10:03:00 -0000
Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that stress can lead to ill-health through the disregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies to date have produced equivocal results likely due to different methodologies and failure to account for confounding factors. This investigation aimed to assess the relation between self-reported work-related stressors and salivary cortisol and to clarify the role of the potential confounders.Thirty-six call-handlers completed a self-administered job content questionnaire and collected seven daily salivary samples on two workdays and a weekend. The diurnal salivary cortisol output was expressed as cortisol awakening response (CAR), and cortisol output in the rest of the day. Salivary cortisol data were normalized by means of square root transformation. The generalized estimating equations method was used to assess the relation between job strain and cortisol levels after adjusting for gender, weekdays and adherence to the sampling schedule.Job strain significantly influenced the total amount of cortisol response to waking (high strain vs. low strain: 1.1 (0.3-2.0) nmol/L). The cortisol response to waking showed gender-specific differences [women excreting greater cortisol than men: 1.1 (0.3-1.9) nmol/L], and weekday differences [workdays vs. weekend: 1.0 (0.3-1.6) nmol/L]. Non-compliance with the sampling protocol was associated with lower salivary cortisol than in adherent subjects.Our results provide further evidence for the HPA axis involvement in the physiological response to work stress. The measure of the CAR showed to be the sensitive index to assess the physiological response to psychosocial factors. Gender, weekday, and protocol compliance were confounding factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Upper extremity pain and computer use among engineering graduate students: A replication study
Cammie Chaumont Menéndez, Benjamin C. Amick III, Mark Jenkins, Cyrus Caroom, Michelle Robertson, Ronald B. Harrist, Jeffrey N. Katz Mon, 17 Nov 2008 13:55:00 -0000
Recent literature identified upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms at a prevalence of >40% in college populations. The study objectives were to determine weekly computer use and the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in a graduate student population, and make comparisons with previous graduate and undergraduate cohorts.One hundred sixty-six graduate students completed a survey on computing and musculoskeletal health. Associations between individual factors and symptom status, functional limitations, academic impact, medication use, and health services utilization were determined. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between symptom status and computing. Cross-study comparisons were made.More symptomatic participants experienced functional limitations than asymptomatic participants (74% vs. 32%, P < 0.001) and reported medication use for computing pain (34% vs. 10%, P < 0.01). More participants who experienced symptoms within an hour of computing used health services compared to those who experienced symptoms after an hour of computer use (60% vs. 12%, P < 0.01). Years of computer use (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.05-2.40) and number of years in school where weekly computer use was more than 10 hr (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.04-2.35) were associated with pain within an hour of computing. Cross-study comparisons found college populations more similar than different.The overall findings reinforced previous literature documenting the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in college populations, suggesting an important population for participating in public health interventions designed to support healthy computing practices and identify risk factors important to evaluate in future cohort studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Injuries and fatalities to U.S. farmers and farm workers 55 years and older
John R. Myers, Larry A. Layne, Suzanne M. Marsh Mon, 17 Nov 2008 13:55:00 -0000
Previous studies have shown that older farmers and farm workers have been identified at high risk for farm fatalities, most notably involving tractor overturns. Older farmers also incur more severe non-fatal injuries.Data from two national surveillance systems are presented to describe fatal and non-fatal injuries occurring to older farmers 55+ years of age. Tractor-related fatality investigations for older farmers are examined for characteristics of the tractors not available in the injury surveillance systems.Older farmers and farm workers averaged 26,573 lost-time injuries annually in 2001 and 2004, with an injury rate of 4.5 injuries/100 workers/year compared to an overall farming injury rate of 4.8 injuries/100 workers/year. Fatality data show that older farmers accounted for over half of all farming deaths between 1992 and 2004 (3,671 of 7,064 deaths), and had a fatality rate of 45.8 deaths/100,000 workers/year compared to the overall farming fatality rate of 25.4 deaths/100,000 workers/year. Most common mechanisms of fatal injury to older farmers were "tractors" (46%), "trucks" (7%), and "animals" (5%).Although older farmers and farm workers are at lower risk of overall injury compared to their younger counterparts, injuries to farmers 55 years and older tend to be much more severe. To effectively minimize the risk faced by older farmers, prevention programs must encourage safe work behaviors and practices and the implementation/installation of appropriate safety devices and equipment. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sickness absence and workplace levels of satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions at public service workplaces
Torsten Munch-Hansen, Joanna Wieclaw, Esben Agerbo, Niels Westergaard-Nielsen, Mikael Rosenkilde, Jens Peter Bonde Mon, 17 Nov 2008 10:22:00 -0000
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of psychosocial work conditions on sickness absence while addressing methodological weaknesses in earlier studies.The participants were 13,437 employees from 698 public service workplace units in Aarhus County, Denmark. Satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions was rated on a scale from 0 (low) to 10 (high). Individual ratings were aggregated to workplace scores. Analysis of variance was used to compare the average number of days of yearly sickness absence in three groups with different levels of satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions.Sickness absence was 30.8% lower in the most satisfied group (11.7 days/year (CI 95%: 10.2; 13.1)) than in the least satisfied group (16.9 days/year (CI 95%: 15.3; 18.6)) adjusted for the covariates included.Satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions has a strong and independent impact on sickness absence. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Blood exposure incidence rates from the North Carolina study of home Care and hospice nurses
Jack K. Leiss, Jennifer T. Lyden, Rahel Mathews, Kathleen L. Sitzman, Abenah Vanderpuije, Deepak Mav, Mary Agnes Kendra, Cynthia Klein, Carolyn J. Humphrey Mon, 17 Nov 2008 11:36:00 -0000
Home care/hospice nurses may be at elevated risk of blood exposure because of the nature of their work and work environment. However, little is known about the incidence of blood exposure in this population.A mail survey (n = 1,473) was conducted among home care/hospice nurses in North Carolina in 2006.The adjusted response rate was 69%. Nine percent of nurses had at least one exposure/year. Overall incidence was 27.4 (95% confidence interval: 20.2, 34.6)/100,000 visits. Nurses who had worked in home care [le]5 years had higher exposure rates than other nurses - seven times higher for needlesticks and 3.5 times higher for non-intact skin exposures. Nurses who worked part time/contract had higher exposure rates than nurses who worked full time - seven times higher for needlesticks and 1.5 times higher for non-intact skin exposures. The rates for part-time/contract nurses with [le]5 years experience were extremely high. Sensitivity analysis showed that it is unlikely that response bias had an important impact on these results.Approximately 150 North Carolina home care/hospice nurses are exposed to blood annually. If these results are representative of other states, then approximately 12,000 home care/hospice nurses are exposed each year nationwide. Improved prevention efforts are needed to reduce blood exposure in home care/hospice nurses. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimum survey methods when interviewing employed women
Kari Dunning, Grace K. LeMasters Mon, 17 Nov 2008 11:36:00 -0000
While survey studies have examined bias much is unknown regarding specific subpopulations, especially women workers.A population based phone, Internet, and mail survey of workplace falls during pregnancy was undertaken. Participation by industry and occupation and survey approach and bias, reliability, and incomplete data were examined.Of the 3,997 women surveyed, 71% were employed during their pregnancy. Internet responders were most likely to be employed while pregnant and to report a workplace fall at 8.8% compared to 5.8% and 6.1% for mail and phone respondents. Internet responders had the most missing employment data with company name missing for 17.9% compared to 1.3% for phone responders. Mail surveys were best for recruiting those employed in eight of nine industries, and this was especially true for service occupations.To decrease bias and increase participation, mixed approaches may be useful with particular attention for collecting occupational data. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
Determinants of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide in South Korean children
Thu, 20 Nov 2008 08:10:33 -0000
Abstract Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the dominant sources of the urinary pyrene metabolite, 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), in South Korean children. Methods Urine samples were collected from 102 non-smoking children (aged 10–14). Urinary 1-OHPG was assayed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, following immuno-affinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11. Urinary cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, was measured by GC/MS. Information on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, diet, fuel type for heating home, and other possible sources of PAH exposure was collected by self-administered questionnaires. Results Mean (±SE) 1-OHPG levels were 1.64 (±0.06) ng/ml (range 0.04–3.27 ng/ml). Two multiple linear regression analyses (differing in how ETS was approximated: by parental smoking or urinary cotinine) revealed a positive association between urinary 1-OHPG levels and parental smoking at home (P = 0.007), log urinary cotinine (P = 0.165), frequent grilled (shell)fish consumption (P = 0.061), and living in a commercial/other zone (P = 0.007) versus a residential or industrial zone. No consistent associations were found between 1-OHPG and the child’s sex, grilled meat consumption, or fuels used to heat the home. Conclusions These results support that ETS, frequent grilled fish consumption, and the ambient environment are important predictors of urinary 1-OHPG levels in South Korean children. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0385-2Authors Kyoung-Ho Lee, Hanyang University Biomedical Research Group, Hanyang Brain Korea 21 Seoul Republic of KoreaRoel Vermeulen, Utrecht University Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht The NetherlandsVirissa Lenters, Utrecht University Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht The NetherlandsSoo-Hun Cho, Institute for Environmental Medicine, SNUMRC Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu Seoul 110-799 Republic of KoreaPaul T. Strickland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences Baltimore MD USADaehee Kang, Institute for Environmental Medicine, SNUMRC Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Major histopathological patterns of lung cancer related to arsenic exposure in German uranium miners
Thu, 20 Nov 2008 08:10:32 -0000
Abstract Objective The mechanisms of action of arsenic in the development of lung cancer are still not yet elucidated. Considering the relationship between arsenic and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, we hypothesized that arsenic exposure may be more closely associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Methods A comprehensive histopathological database and a detailed job-exposure matrix developed for former German uranium miners with exposure to arsenic, radon, and quartz were analyzed to quantitatively assess the effect of arsenic regarding cell type of lung cancer. The distributions of major lung cancer cell types in 1,786 German uranium miners were associated with levels of arsenic exposure under control for the other lung carcinogens. To evaluate the arsenic effects in association with a frequent occupational lung disease in miners stratification by silicosis was performed. Results There was an arsenic-related increase of the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung but restricted to miners without silicosis. The increase was found at all levels of co-exposure to radon and quartz dust. In miners with silicosis, the proportion of adenocarcinoma increased with rising arsenic exposure. Arsenic exposure was associated with non-small cell lung cancer. Silicosis turned out as major determinant of the cell type related with arsenic. Conclusion These results indicate a cell type characteristic effect of arsenic in the development of lung cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0386-1Authors Dirk Taeger, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanyGeorg Johnen, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanyThorsten Wiethege, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanySoile Tapio, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) Neuherberg GermanyMatthias Möhner, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) Berlin GermanyHorst Wesch, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg GermanyAndrea Tannapfel, Ruhr University Institute of Pathology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum GermanyKlaus-Michael Müller, Ruhr University Institute of Pathology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum GermanyThomas Brüning, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanyBeate Pesch, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum Germany Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
A short generic measure of work stress in the era of globalization: effort–reward imbalance
Wed, 19 Nov 2008 08:00:04 -0000
Abstract Objective We evaluate psychometric properties of a short version of the original effort–reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. This measure is of interest in the context of assessing stressful work conditions in the era of economic globalization. Methods In a representative sample of 10,698 employed men and women participating in the longitudinal Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) in Germany, a short version of the ERI questionnaire was included in the 2006 panel wave. Structural equation modeling and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results In addition to satisfactory internal consistency of scales, a model representing the theoretical structure of the scales provided the best data fit in a competitive test (RMSEA = 0.059, CAIC = 4124.19). Scoring high on the ERI scales was associated with elevated risks of poor self-rated health. Conclusions This short version of the ERI questionnaire reveals satisfactory psychometric properties, and can be recommended for further use in research and practice. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0384-3Authors Johannes Siegrist, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf GermanyNatalia Wege, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf GermanyFrank Pühlhofer, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf GermanyMorten Wahrendorf, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf Germany Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Occupational styrene exposure and neurobehavioural functions: a cohort study with repeated measurements
Wed, 19 Nov 2008 08:00:03 -0000
Abstract Objective Associations between occupational styrene exposure and cognitive as well as psychomotor functions were investigated with a view to answering three questions: (1) are the published results for neurobehavioural impairment reproducible, (2) if such effects exist, are they related to current or to chronic exposure and (3) if effects exist, are there reductions in the effects during an exposure-free period. Methods Workers from a boat-building plant, some of whom were laminators, were investigated in groups of low (n = 83, mean mandelic acid MA + phenylglyoxylic acid PGA = 53 mg/g creatinine), medium (n = 101, 230 mg/g creat.) and high (n = 29, 928 mg/g creat.) levels of exposure to styrene. The mean job tenure was about 6 years. In addition, subgroups chronically exposed to low-short (n = 30, lifetime weighted average exposure mean 184 mg/g creat. for 6 years) and high-long (n = 16, 693 mg/g creat., 15 years) styrene levels were analyzed. The examinations were carried out during normal working days and during the company holidays. A symptom questionnaire and the tests Benton visual retention, symbol digit substitution and digit span for cognitive functions as well as choice reaction, aiming, peg board, tapping, and steadiness for psychomotor functions were administered. Co-variance analyzes with repeated measurements and linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. Co-factors were education, age, job tenure, long-term alcohol consumption, and German as mother tongue. In some cases also the activity as a laminator was considered. Results Symptoms were not related to exposure. The tests for cognitive functions generally revealed (all variance analyses) no exposure-related associations. Only the linear regressions of Benton test results showed significant correlation with parameters of chronic exposure which was still evident as a tendency in the work-free and exposure-free period. Most tests for psychomotor functions also revealed no relationships with exposure. However, the peg board test results showed significant correlations with chronic exposure which disappeared during holidays. The activity as a laminator––considered in addition to exposure parameters––was significant as a factor to explain the variability of psychomotor variables. Conclusion Acute exposures to up to 40 ppm styrene and long-term exposures to about 27 ppm averaged over a period of 15 years were not identified as being associated with an elevated risk of developing impaired cognitive and psychomotor functions or increased symptom levels with the tests applied. This statement must be qualified by two exceptions: performances in the Benton test and in a finger dexterity test were associated with parameters of long-term exposure as a dose-response relationship, but not with current exposure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0382-5Authors Andreas Seeber, Institute of Occupational Physiology at the University of Dortmund Dortmund GermanyThomas Bruckner, University of Heidelberg Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics Heidelberg GermanyGerhard Triebig, University Hospital of Heidelberg Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine Voßstraße 2 69115 Heidelberg Germany Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Evaluation of urinary biomarkers of exposure to benzene: correlation with blood benzene and influence of confounding factors
Fri, 14 Nov 2008 08:00:27 -0000
Abstract Purpose trans,trans-Muconic acid (t,t-MA) is generally considered as a useful biomarker of exposure to benzene. However, because of its lack of specificity, concerns about its value at low level of exposure have recently been raised. The aim of this study was (a) to compare t,t-MA, S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) and benzene (B-U) as urinary biomarkers of exposure to low levels of benzene in petrochemical workers and, (b) to evaluate the influence of sorbic acid (SA) and genetic polymorphisms of biotransformation enzymes on the excretion of these biomarkers. Method A total of 110 workers (including 24 smokers; 2–10 cigarettes/day) accepted to take part in the study. To assess external exposure to benzene, air samples were collected during the whole working period by a passive sampling device attached close to the breathing zone of 98 workers. Benzene was measured in blood (B-B) samples taken at the end of the shift, and was considered as the reference marker of internal dose. Urine was collected at the end of the shift for the determination of B-U, SPMA, t,t-MA, SA and creatinine (cr). B-U and B-B were determined by head-space/GC–MS, SPMA and SA by LC-MS, t,t-MA by HPLC-UV. Results Most (89%) personal measurements of airborne benzene were below the limit of detection (0.1 ppm); B-B ranged from <0.10 to 13.58 μg/l (median 0.405 μg/l). The median (range) concentrations of the urinary biomarkers were as follows: B-U 0.27 μg/l (<0.10–5.35), t,t-MA 0.060 mg/l (<0.02–0.92), SPMA 1.40 μg/l (0.20–14.70). Urinary SA concentrations ranged between <3 and 2,211 μg/l (median 28.00). Benzene concentration in blood and in urine as well as SPMA, but not t,t-MA, were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The best correlation between B-B and urinary biomarkers of exposure were obtained with benzene in urine (μg/l r = 0.514, P < 0.001; μg/g cr r = 0.478, P < 0.001) and SPMA (μg/l r = 0.495, P < 0.001; μg/g cr r = 0.426, P < 0.001) followed by t,t-MA (mg/l r = 0.363, P < 0.001; mg/g cr r = 0.300, P = 0.002). SA and t,t-MA were highly correlated (r = 0.618, P < 0.001; corrected for cr r = 0.637). Multiple linear regression showed that the variation of t,t-MA was mostly explained by SA concentration in urine (30% of the explained variance) and by B-B (12%). Variations of SPMA and B-U were explained for 18 and 29%, respectively, by B-B. About 30% of the variance of B-U and SPMA were explained by B-B and smoking status. Genetic polymorphisms for biotransformation enzymes (CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) did not significantly influence the urinary concentration of any of the three urinary biomarkers at this low level of exposure. Conclusion At low levels of benzene exposure (<0.1 ppm), (1) t,t-MA is definitely not a reliable biomarker of benzene exposure because of the clear influence of SA originating from food, (2) SPMA and B-U reflect the internal dose with almost similar accuracies, (3) genetically based inter-individual variability in urinary excretion of biomarkers seems negligible. It remains to assess which biomarker is the best predictor of health effects. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0381-6Authors Perrine Hoet, Université Catholique de Louvain Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine Brussels BelgiumErika De Smedt, Occupational Health Service, Total Raffinaderij Antwerpen Antwerpen BelgiumMassimo Ferrari, IRCCS Unità Operativa di Medicina Ambientale e Medicina Occupazionale, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalyMarcello Imbriani, IRCCS Unità Operativa di Medicina Ambientale e Medicina Occupazionale, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalyLuciano Maestri, IRCCS Laboratorio Studio e Monitoraggio dell’Esposizione a Inquinanti Aeriformi, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalySara Negri, IRCCS Laboratorio Studio e Monitoraggio dell’Esposizione a Inquinanti Aeriformi, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalyPeter De Wilde, Occupational Health Service, Total Raffinaderij Antwerpen Antwerpen BelgiumDominique Lison, Université Catholique de Louvain Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine Brussels BelgiumVincent Haufroid, Université Catholique de Louvain Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine Brussels Belgium Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Working at night and work ability among nursing personnel: when precarious employment makes the difference
Fri, 14 Nov 2008 08:00:24 -0000
Abstract Purpose To test the association between night work and work ability, and verify whether the type of contractual employment has any influence over this association. Methods Permanent workers (N = 642) and workers with precarious jobs (temporary contract or outsourced; N = 552) were interviewed and filled out questionnaires concerning work hours and work ability index. They were classified into: never worked at night, ex-night workers, currently working up to five nights, and currently working at least six nights/2-week span. Results After adjusting for socio-demography and work variables, current night work was significantly associated with inadequate WAI (vs. day work with no experience in night work) only for precarious workers (OR 2.00, CI 1.01–3.95 and OR 1.85, CI 1.09–3.13 for those working up to five nights and those working at least six nights in 2 weeks, respectively). Conclusions Unequal opportunities at work and little experience in night work among precarious workers may explain their higher susceptibility to night work. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0383-4Authors Lucia Rotenberg, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Laboratory of Health and Environment Education Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ 21045-900 BrazilRosane Harter Griep, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Laboratory of Health and Environment Education Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ 21045-900 BrazilFrida Marina Fischer, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo Av. Dr. Arnaldo 925 São Paulo SP 01246-904 BrazilMaria de Jesus Mendes Fonseca, School of Public Health, Fiocruz Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ 21041-210 BrazilPaul Landsbergis, Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Community and Preventive Medicine Box 1043 One Gustave Levy Place NewYork NY 10029 USA Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Occupational Therapy International
Retracted: Development of an education programme for caregivers of people aging with multiple sclerosis
Marcia Finlayson, Jennifer Dahl Garcia, Katharine L. Preissner Tue, 05 Feb 2008 03:48:00 -0000
The article from Occupational Therapy International, Development of an Education Program for Caregivers of People Aging with Multiple Sclerosis (DOI: 10.1002/OTI.245) by Marcia Finlayson, Jennifer Garcia and Katharine Preissner, published online on 5 February 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), has been retracted by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to dual publication of this article. Copyright ? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational Medicine - current issue
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE CALENDAR
Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
In this issue of Occupational Medicine
Patel, D. Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Nanocommentary: Occupational and environmental health and nanotechnology--what's new?
Sng, J., Koh, D. Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
PubMed: 0355-3140
Follow-up study of cancer incidence after chlorophenol exposure in a community in southern Finland.
Lampi P, Tuomisto J, Hakulinen T, Pukkala E Related Articles Follow-up study of cancer incidence after chlorophenol exposure in a community in southern Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Jun;34(3):230-3 Authors: Lampi P, Tuomisto J, Hakulinen T, Pukkala E OBJECTIVES: In the 1970s and 1980s, people in a village in southern Finland had been exposed to high concentrations of chlorophenols in the drinking water and in fish from a nearby lake. An ecological analysis and a case-control study conducted around 1990 indicated significant excess in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and soft-tissue cancer in the municipality and a relationship between the chlorophenol exposure and the incidence of these cancers. The present article reports a follow-up of cancer risk in the same study area during a 20-year period after the closing of the old water intake plant, which was contaminated by chlorophenols. METHODS: The observed and expected numbers of cancer were obtained for three periods, 1953-1971 (before exposure), 1972-1986 (during exposure) and 1987-2006 (after exposure), for all cancers combined and separately for cancers potentially related to chlorophenols. RESULTS: The present study demonstrates that all of the cancer risks returned to the average population level during the 20-year period after the old water intake plant was closed and chlorophenol exposure stopped. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid changes in cancer risk after changes in chlorophenol exposure suggest that chlorophenols may have a promotion effect in the carcinogenic process. PMID: 18728913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Prediction of dropout from respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation in a longitudinal respiratory study.
Søyseth V, Johnsen HL, Kongerud J Related Articles Prediction of dropout from respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation in a longitudinal respiratory study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Jun;34(3):224-9 Authors: Søyseth V, Johnsen HL, Kongerud J OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the possibility that employees reporting respiratory symptoms were more likely than asymptomatic workers to dropout of a respiratory study carried out in Norwegian smelters. METHODS: The study included 3924 employees in 24 Norwegian smelters. They were examined annually using a respiratory questionnaire and spirometry. The employees who did not meet for the follow-up within 18 months prior to the end of the study were considered dropouts. The data were analyzed using Cox regression for time-dependent covariates. RESULTS: The total and the median follow-up times were 16 997 and 4.9 years, respectively. The overall dropout rate was 44.5 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 41.5-47.8 per 1000 person-years]. The hazard ratio (HR) for dropout was 1.38 (95% CI 1.15-1.66) for the workers reporting any respiratory symptom compared with the asymptomatic workers. The effect was the strongest among the employees who reported dyspnea, and it was stronger regarding symptoms at the last visit than for the baseline symptoms. Similarly, the hazard ratio for dropout for those with an airflow limitation [forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity below the 5th percentile of the predicted value] was 1.31 (95% CI 1.01-1.69) when they were compared with employees without any airflow limitation. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation are important predictors of dropout from a longitudinal respiratory study. PMID: 18728912 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
A diary study to open up the black box of overtime work among university faculty members.
Beckers DG, van Hooff ML, van der Linden D, Kompier MA, Taris TW, Geurts SA Related Articles A diary study to open up the black box of overtime work among university faculty members. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Jun;34(3):213-23 Authors: Beckers DG, van Hooff ML, van der Linden D, Kompier MA, Taris TW, Geurts SA OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at opening up the black box of overtime work among university faculty members by providing information on (i) when faculty members work overtime, (ii) what activities are undertaken during overtime, and (iii) how overtime is experienced. METHODS: Data were collected among 120 Dutch faculty members who completed a general questionnaire (addressing general overtime hours, work characteristics, and well-being) and a 9-day diary study (with information on daily overtime hours, activities, and experiences). Analyses of variance were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Overtime was very prevalent among faculty members, high overtime workers being nonfatigued, engaged employees with positive work characteristics. Overtime was unevenly distributed over the week, being common on Sunday and Monday and uncommon on Friday and Saturday. Overtime activities during the weekend differed from those during the workweek, relatively much time being spent on research during weekend overtime. Overtime activities were experienced differently than activities during regular hours, overtime work being experienced as less effortful and less stressful than regular workhours and weekend overtime being less pleasurable than regular hours and evening overtime. CONCLUSIONS: This detailed day-to-day mapping and evaluation of overtime work contributes to a better understanding of overtime work by demonstrating meaningful patterns of overtime over the (work)week and meaningful associations between overtime activities and time-contingent experiences. It is suggested that worktime control plays an important role in explaining the results. PMID: 18728911 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Annals of Occupational Hygiene - current issue
Canada, Chrysotile, and the Search for Truth
Ogden, T. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Characterization and Kinetics Study of Off-Gas Emissions from Stored Wood Pellets
Kuang, X., Shankar, T. J., Bi, X. T., Sokhansanj, S., Jim Lim, C., Melin, S. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
The full potential health impact from the emissions of biomass fuels, including wood pellets, during storage and transportation has not been documented in the open literature. The purpose of this study is to provide data on the concentration of CO2, CO and CH4 from wood pellets stored in sealed vessels and to develop a kinetic model for predicting the transient emission rate factors at different storage temperatures. Five 45-l metal containers (305 mm diameter by 610 mm long) equipped with heating and temperature control devices were used to study the temperature effect on the off-gas emissions from wood pellets. Concurrently, ten 2-l aluminum canisters (100 mm diameter by 250 mm long) were used to study the off-gas emissions from different types of biomass materials. Concentrations of CO2, CO and CH4 were measured by a gas chromatograph as a function of storage time and storage temperature. The results showed that the concentrations of CO, CO2 and CH4 in the sealed space of the reactor increased over time, fast at the beginning but leveling off after a few days. A first-order reaction kinetics fitted the data well. The maximum concentration and the time it takes for the buildup of gas concentrations can be predicted using kinetic equations
Variability and Determinants of Wood Dust and Resin Acid Exposure during Wood Pellet Production: Measurement Strategies and Bias in Assessing Exposure-Response Relationships
Hagstrom, K., Lundholm, C., Eriksson, K., Liljelind, I. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Production of wood pellets is a relatively new and expanding industry in which the exposure profiles differ from those in other wood-processing industries like carpentries and sawmills where there are lower levels of wood dust. Sixty-eight personal exposure measurements of wood dust (inhalable and total dust) and resin acids were collected for 44 participants at four production plants located in Sweden. Results were used to estimate within- and between-worker variability and to identify uniformly exposed groups and determinants of exposure. In addition, overexposure, whether the risk of the long-term mean exposure of a randomly selected worker exceeding the occupational exposure limit is acceptably low, was calculated as well as the underestimation of the exposure–response relationship (attenuation). Greater variability in exposure between work shifts than between workers was observed with the within-worker variation accounting for 57–99% of the total variance in the individual-based model. Several uniformly exposed groups were detected but were mostly associated with a between-worker variation of zero which is an underestimation of the between-worker variation but an indication of uniformly exposed groups. Cleaning was identified as a work task that increases exposure slightly; so reducing workers' exposure during this operation is advisable. The levels of wood dust were high and were found to pose unacceptable risks of overexposure at all plants for inhalable dust and at three out of four plants for total dust. These findings show that exposure to dust needs to be reduced in this industry. For resin acids, the exposure was classed as acceptable at all plants. According to an individual-based model constructed from the data, the level of attenuation was high, and thus there would be substantial bias in derived dose–response relationships.
Exposure to Manufactured Nanostructured Particles in an Industrial Pilot Plant
Demou, E., Peter, P., Hellweg, S. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Objectives: Nanomaterial production and the number of people directly in contact with these materials are increasing. Yet, little is known on the association between exposure and corresponding risks, such as pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods: Condensation Particle Counters, a DustTrakTM and Scanning Mobility Particle SizerTM quantified real-time size, mass and number concentrations in a nanostructure particle pilot-scale production facility, using a high-temperature gas-phase process, over a 25-day period. Temporal and spatial analysis of particle concentrations and sizes was performed during production, maintenance and handling. Number-based particle retention of breathing mask filters used under real-time production and exposure conditions in the workplace was quantified. Results: The results demonstrate elevated number concentrations during production, which can be an order of magnitude higher than background levels. Average concentrations during production were 59 100 cm–3 and 0.188 mg m–3 for submicron particles. Mask filters decreased particle number concentrations by >96%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates real-time worker exposure during gas-phase nanoparticle manufacturing. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of emission sources and concentration levels in a production plant is accomplished. These results are important for workers, employers and regulators in the nanotechnology field as they provide information on encountered exposures and possibilities for mitigation measures.
Temporal Evolution of Nanoparticle Aerosols in Workplace Exposure
Seipenbusch, M., Binder, A., Kasper, G. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
The evolution in time of a nanoparticle (NP) aerosol released into a simulated workplace environment was investigated for different starting scenarios including (i) NP release into a particle-free atmosphere and (ii) release in presence of a pre-existing background aerosol. In each case, particle number distributions and total number concentrations in a 2 m3 aerosol chamber were monitored over several hours. On the time scale and under the conditions relevant for workplace exposure, collisions between NP within their own size class and, if present, with the background aerosol were identified as the most important mechanism driving the change in particle size and number concentration. A model has been formulated on the basis of well-known aerosol dynamic principles to predict the evolution of NP number concentration for a defined source and a defined environment (a given background aerosol concentration). A dimensionless number is introduced to scale the rate of NP concentration change relative to background aerosol concentration and particle size, which scales inversely with the concentration of free NP in the atmosphere. Beyond the physical change, the emergence of binary agglomerates constitutes a change in chemical composition of the aerosol. It is shown that the NPs are still chemically present in the aerosol after becoming attached to background particles, thus remaining airborne while being invisible in the size distribution.
Determining the Dustiness of Powders--A Comparison of three Measuring Devices
Bach, S., Schmidt, E. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
The dustiness of 12 test powders was determined using three different measuring methods. One of the methods, the continuous drop method, is a reference test method according to the EN 15051 ‘Workplace atmospheres—Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials—Requirements and reference test methods’. A test of equivalence between the reference test method and the other two methods, the modified Heubach Dustmeter, a rotating drum method and the Palas Dustview, a single-drop method, has been carried out as provided in Annex D of the European standard. No equivalence was found between any of the test methods. An applied best-case scenario yielded a slightly better outcome, but the results lead to the conclusion that it is impossible to generate viable values using the test of equivalence provided in the standard. This outcome was expected and is due to the different handling procedures applied—which, however, relates to the reality of the variety of material-handling procedures in the workplace.
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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - Current Table Of Contents
The Value of Interferon Gamma Release Assays for Diagnosis Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis During an Annual Screening of Health Care Workers.
Page: 1207DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818def3dAuthors: Thijsen, Steven F. T. MD, PhD; van Rossum, Saskia V. MSc; Arend, Sandra MD, PhD; Koster, Ben MD; Machiels, Alexander M. MD; Bossink, Ailko W.J. MD, PhD
Effects of an Incentive-Based Online Physical Activity Intervention on Health Care Costs.
Page: 1209DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818dc438Authors: Lu, Chifung MS; Schultz, Alyssa B. MS; Sill, Stewart MS; Petersen, Ruth MD; Young, Joyce M. MD; Edington, Dee W. PhD
Work Health Promotion, Job Well-Being, and Sickness Absences-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Page: 1216DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818dbf92Authors: Kuoppala, Jaana MD, PhD; Lamminpaa, Anne MD, PhD; Husman, Paivi MSocSc
American Journal of Industrial Medicine
Salivary cortisol and psychosocial hazards at work
Giovanni Maina, Antonio Palmas, Massimo Bovenzi, Francesca Larese Filon Thu, 20 Nov 2008 10:03:00 -0000
Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that stress can lead to ill-health through the disregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies to date have produced equivocal results likely due to different methodologies and failure to account for confounding factors. This investigation aimed to assess the relation between self-reported work-related stressors and salivary cortisol and to clarify the role of the potential confounders.Thirty-six call-handlers completed a self-administered job content questionnaire and collected seven daily salivary samples on two workdays and a weekend. The diurnal salivary cortisol output was expressed as cortisol awakening response (CAR), and cortisol output in the rest of the day. Salivary cortisol data were normalized by means of square root transformation. The generalized estimating equations method was used to assess the relation between job strain and cortisol levels after adjusting for gender, weekdays and adherence to the sampling schedule.Job strain significantly influenced the total amount of cortisol response to waking (high strain vs. low strain: 1.1 (0.3-2.0) nmol/L). The cortisol response to waking showed gender-specific differences [women excreting greater cortisol than men: 1.1 (0.3-1.9) nmol/L], and weekday differences [workdays vs. weekend: 1.0 (0.3-1.6) nmol/L]. Non-compliance with the sampling protocol was associated with lower salivary cortisol than in adherent subjects.Our results provide further evidence for the HPA axis involvement in the physiological response to work stress. The measure of the CAR showed to be the sensitive index to assess the physiological response to psychosocial factors. Gender, weekday, and protocol compliance were confounding factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Upper extremity pain and computer use among engineering graduate students: A replication study
Cammie Chaumont Menéndez, Benjamin C. Amick III, Mark Jenkins, Cyrus Caroom, Michelle Robertson, Ronald B. Harrist, Jeffrey N. Katz Mon, 17 Nov 2008 13:55:00 -0000
Recent literature identified upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms at a prevalence of >40% in college populations. The study objectives were to determine weekly computer use and the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in a graduate student population, and make comparisons with previous graduate and undergraduate cohorts.One hundred sixty-six graduate students completed a survey on computing and musculoskeletal health. Associations between individual factors and symptom status, functional limitations, academic impact, medication use, and health services utilization were determined. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between symptom status and computing. Cross-study comparisons were made.More symptomatic participants experienced functional limitations than asymptomatic participants (74% vs. 32%, P < 0.001) and reported medication use for computing pain (34% vs. 10%, P < 0.01). More participants who experienced symptoms within an hour of computing used health services compared to those who experienced symptoms after an hour of computer use (60% vs. 12%, P < 0.01). Years of computer use (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.05-2.40) and number of years in school where weekly computer use was more than 10 hr (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.04-2.35) were associated with pain within an hour of computing. Cross-study comparisons found college populations more similar than different.The overall findings reinforced previous literature documenting the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in college populations, suggesting an important population for participating in public health interventions designed to support healthy computing practices and identify risk factors important to evaluate in future cohort studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Injuries and fatalities to U.S. farmers and farm workers 55 years and older
John R. Myers, Larry A. Layne, Suzanne M. Marsh Mon, 17 Nov 2008 13:55:00 -0000
Previous studies have shown that older farmers and farm workers have been identified at high risk for farm fatalities, most notably involving tractor overturns. Older farmers also incur more severe non-fatal injuries.Data from two national surveillance systems are presented to describe fatal and non-fatal injuries occurring to older farmers 55+ years of age. Tractor-related fatality investigations for older farmers are examined for characteristics of the tractors not available in the injury surveillance systems.Older farmers and farm workers averaged 26,573 lost-time injuries annually in 2001 and 2004, with an injury rate of 4.5 injuries/100 workers/year compared to an overall farming injury rate of 4.8 injuries/100 workers/year. Fatality data show that older farmers accounted for over half of all farming deaths between 1992 and 2004 (3,671 of 7,064 deaths), and had a fatality rate of 45.8 deaths/100,000 workers/year compared to the overall farming fatality rate of 25.4 deaths/100,000 workers/year. Most common mechanisms of fatal injury to older farmers were "tractors" (46%), "trucks" (7%), and "animals" (5%).Although older farmers and farm workers are at lower risk of overall injury compared to their younger counterparts, injuries to farmers 55 years and older tend to be much more severe. To effectively minimize the risk faced by older farmers, prevention programs must encourage safe work behaviors and practices and the implementation/installation of appropriate safety devices and equipment. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sickness absence and workplace levels of satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions at public service workplaces
Torsten Munch-Hansen, Joanna Wieclaw, Esben Agerbo, Niels Westergaard-Nielsen, Mikael Rosenkilde, Jens Peter Bonde Mon, 17 Nov 2008 10:22:00 -0000
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of psychosocial work conditions on sickness absence while addressing methodological weaknesses in earlier studies.The participants were 13,437 employees from 698 public service workplace units in Aarhus County, Denmark. Satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions was rated on a scale from 0 (low) to 10 (high). Individual ratings were aggregated to workplace scores. Analysis of variance was used to compare the average number of days of yearly sickness absence in three groups with different levels of satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions.Sickness absence was 30.8% lower in the most satisfied group (11.7 days/year (CI 95%: 10.2; 13.1)) than in the least satisfied group (16.9 days/year (CI 95%: 15.3; 18.6)) adjusted for the covariates included.Satisfaction with psychosocial work conditions has a strong and independent impact on sickness absence. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Blood exposure incidence rates from the North Carolina study of home Care and hospice nurses
Jack K. Leiss, Jennifer T. Lyden, Rahel Mathews, Kathleen L. Sitzman, Abenah Vanderpuije, Deepak Mav, Mary Agnes Kendra, Cynthia Klein, Carolyn J. Humphrey Mon, 17 Nov 2008 11:36:00 -0000
Home care/hospice nurses may be at elevated risk of blood exposure because of the nature of their work and work environment. However, little is known about the incidence of blood exposure in this population.A mail survey (n = 1,473) was conducted among home care/hospice nurses in North Carolina in 2006.The adjusted response rate was 69%. Nine percent of nurses had at least one exposure/year. Overall incidence was 27.4 (95% confidence interval: 20.2, 34.6)/100,000 visits. Nurses who had worked in home care [le]5 years had higher exposure rates than other nurses - seven times higher for needlesticks and 3.5 times higher for non-intact skin exposures. Nurses who worked part time/contract had higher exposure rates than nurses who worked full time - seven times higher for needlesticks and 1.5 times higher for non-intact skin exposures. The rates for part-time/contract nurses with [le]5 years experience were extremely high. Sensitivity analysis showed that it is unlikely that response bias had an important impact on these results.Approximately 150 North Carolina home care/hospice nurses are exposed to blood annually. If these results are representative of other states, then approximately 12,000 home care/hospice nurses are exposed each year nationwide. Improved prevention efforts are needed to reduce blood exposure in home care/hospice nurses. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimum survey methods when interviewing employed women
Kari Dunning, Grace K. LeMasters Mon, 17 Nov 2008 11:36:00 -0000
While survey studies have examined bias much is unknown regarding specific subpopulations, especially women workers.A population based phone, Internet, and mail survey of workplace falls during pregnancy was undertaken. Participation by industry and occupation and survey approach and bias, reliability, and incomplete data were examined.Of the 3,997 women surveyed, 71% were employed during their pregnancy. Internet responders were most likely to be employed while pregnant and to report a workplace fall at 8.8% compared to 5.8% and 6.1% for mail and phone respondents. Internet responders had the most missing employment data with company name missing for 17.9% compared to 1.3% for phone responders. Mail surveys were best for recruiting those employed in eight of nine industries, and this was especially true for service occupations.To decrease bias and increase participation, mixed approaches may be useful with particular attention for collecting occupational data. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
Determinants of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide in South Korean children
Thu, 20 Nov 2008 08:10:33 -0000
Abstract Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the dominant sources of the urinary pyrene metabolite, 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), in South Korean children. Methods Urine samples were collected from 102 non-smoking children (aged 10–14). Urinary 1-OHPG was assayed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, following immuno-affinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11. Urinary cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, was measured by GC/MS. Information on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, diet, fuel type for heating home, and other possible sources of PAH exposure was collected by self-administered questionnaires. Results Mean (±SE) 1-OHPG levels were 1.64 (±0.06) ng/ml (range 0.04–3.27 ng/ml). Two multiple linear regression analyses (differing in how ETS was approximated: by parental smoking or urinary cotinine) revealed a positive association between urinary 1-OHPG levels and parental smoking at home (P = 0.007), log urinary cotinine (P = 0.165), frequent grilled (shell)fish consumption (P = 0.061), and living in a commercial/other zone (P = 0.007) versus a residential or industrial zone. No consistent associations were found between 1-OHPG and the child’s sex, grilled meat consumption, or fuels used to heat the home. Conclusions These results support that ETS, frequent grilled fish consumption, and the ambient environment are important predictors of urinary 1-OHPG levels in South Korean children. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0385-2Authors Kyoung-Ho Lee, Hanyang University Biomedical Research Group, Hanyang Brain Korea 21 Seoul Republic of KoreaRoel Vermeulen, Utrecht University Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht The NetherlandsVirissa Lenters, Utrecht University Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht The NetherlandsSoo-Hun Cho, Institute for Environmental Medicine, SNUMRC Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu Seoul 110-799 Republic of KoreaPaul T. Strickland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences Baltimore MD USADaehee Kang, Institute for Environmental Medicine, SNUMRC Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Major histopathological patterns of lung cancer related to arsenic exposure in German uranium miners
Thu, 20 Nov 2008 08:10:32 -0000
Abstract Objective The mechanisms of action of arsenic in the development of lung cancer are still not yet elucidated. Considering the relationship between arsenic and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, we hypothesized that arsenic exposure may be more closely associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Methods A comprehensive histopathological database and a detailed job-exposure matrix developed for former German uranium miners with exposure to arsenic, radon, and quartz were analyzed to quantitatively assess the effect of arsenic regarding cell type of lung cancer. The distributions of major lung cancer cell types in 1,786 German uranium miners were associated with levels of arsenic exposure under control for the other lung carcinogens. To evaluate the arsenic effects in association with a frequent occupational lung disease in miners stratification by silicosis was performed. Results There was an arsenic-related increase of the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung but restricted to miners without silicosis. The increase was found at all levels of co-exposure to radon and quartz dust. In miners with silicosis, the proportion of adenocarcinoma increased with rising arsenic exposure. Arsenic exposure was associated with non-small cell lung cancer. Silicosis turned out as major determinant of the cell type related with arsenic. Conclusion These results indicate a cell type characteristic effect of arsenic in the development of lung cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0386-1Authors Dirk Taeger, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanyGeorg Johnen, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanyThorsten Wiethege, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanySoile Tapio, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) Neuherberg GermanyMatthias Möhner, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) Berlin GermanyHorst Wesch, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg GermanyAndrea Tannapfel, Ruhr University Institute of Pathology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum GermanyKlaus-Michael Müller, Ruhr University Institute of Pathology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum GermanyThomas Brüning, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum GermanyBeate Pesch, Ruhr University BGFA—Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance Bochum Germany Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
A short generic measure of work stress in the era of globalization: effort–reward imbalance
Wed, 19 Nov 2008 08:00:04 -0000
Abstract Objective We evaluate psychometric properties of a short version of the original effort–reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. This measure is of interest in the context of assessing stressful work conditions in the era of economic globalization. Methods In a representative sample of 10,698 employed men and women participating in the longitudinal Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) in Germany, a short version of the ERI questionnaire was included in the 2006 panel wave. Structural equation modeling and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results In addition to satisfactory internal consistency of scales, a model representing the theoretical structure of the scales provided the best data fit in a competitive test (RMSEA = 0.059, CAIC = 4124.19). Scoring high on the ERI scales was associated with elevated risks of poor self-rated health. Conclusions This short version of the ERI questionnaire reveals satisfactory psychometric properties, and can be recommended for further use in research and practice. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0384-3Authors Johannes Siegrist, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf GermanyNatalia Wege, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf GermanyFrank Pühlhofer, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf GermanyMorten Wahrendorf, University of Duesseldorf Düsseldorf Germany Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Occupational styrene exposure and neurobehavioural functions: a cohort study with repeated measurements
Wed, 19 Nov 2008 08:00:03 -0000
Abstract Objective Associations between occupational styrene exposure and cognitive as well as psychomotor functions were investigated with a view to answering three questions: (1) are the published results for neurobehavioural impairment reproducible, (2) if such effects exist, are they related to current or to chronic exposure and (3) if effects exist, are there reductions in the effects during an exposure-free period. Methods Workers from a boat-building plant, some of whom were laminators, were investigated in groups of low (n = 83, mean mandelic acid MA + phenylglyoxylic acid PGA = 53 mg/g creatinine), medium (n = 101, 230 mg/g creat.) and high (n = 29, 928 mg/g creat.) levels of exposure to styrene. The mean job tenure was about 6 years. In addition, subgroups chronically exposed to low-short (n = 30, lifetime weighted average exposure mean 184 mg/g creat. for 6 years) and high-long (n = 16, 693 mg/g creat., 15 years) styrene levels were analyzed. The examinations were carried out during normal working days and during the company holidays. A symptom questionnaire and the tests Benton visual retention, symbol digit substitution and digit span for cognitive functions as well as choice reaction, aiming, peg board, tapping, and steadiness for psychomotor functions were administered. Co-variance analyzes with repeated measurements and linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. Co-factors were education, age, job tenure, long-term alcohol consumption, and German as mother tongue. In some cases also the activity as a laminator was considered. Results Symptoms were not related to exposure. The tests for cognitive functions generally revealed (all variance analyses) no exposure-related associations. Only the linear regressions of Benton test results showed significant correlation with parameters of chronic exposure which was still evident as a tendency in the work-free and exposure-free period. Most tests for psychomotor functions also revealed no relationships with exposure. However, the peg board test results showed significant correlations with chronic exposure which disappeared during holidays. The activity as a laminator––considered in addition to exposure parameters––was significant as a factor to explain the variability of psychomotor variables. Conclusion Acute exposures to up to 40 ppm styrene and long-term exposures to about 27 ppm averaged over a period of 15 years were not identified as being associated with an elevated risk of developing impaired cognitive and psychomotor functions or increased symptom levels with the tests applied. This statement must be qualified by two exceptions: performances in the Benton test and in a finger dexterity test were associated with parameters of long-term exposure as a dose-response relationship, but not with current exposure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0382-5Authors Andreas Seeber, Institute of Occupational Physiology at the University of Dortmund Dortmund GermanyThomas Bruckner, University of Heidelberg Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics Heidelberg GermanyGerhard Triebig, University Hospital of Heidelberg Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine Voßstraße 2 69115 Heidelberg Germany Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Evaluation of urinary biomarkers of exposure to benzene: correlation with blood benzene and influence of confounding factors
Fri, 14 Nov 2008 08:00:27 -0000
Abstract Purpose trans,trans-Muconic acid (t,t-MA) is generally considered as a useful biomarker of exposure to benzene. However, because of its lack of specificity, concerns about its value at low level of exposure have recently been raised. The aim of this study was (a) to compare t,t-MA, S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) and benzene (B-U) as urinary biomarkers of exposure to low levels of benzene in petrochemical workers and, (b) to evaluate the influence of sorbic acid (SA) and genetic polymorphisms of biotransformation enzymes on the excretion of these biomarkers. Method A total of 110 workers (including 24 smokers; 2–10 cigarettes/day) accepted to take part in the study. To assess external exposure to benzene, air samples were collected during the whole working period by a passive sampling device attached close to the breathing zone of 98 workers. Benzene was measured in blood (B-B) samples taken at the end of the shift, and was considered as the reference marker of internal dose. Urine was collected at the end of the shift for the determination of B-U, SPMA, t,t-MA, SA and creatinine (cr). B-U and B-B were determined by head-space/GC–MS, SPMA and SA by LC-MS, t,t-MA by HPLC-UV. Results Most (89%) personal measurements of airborne benzene were below the limit of detection (0.1 ppm); B-B ranged from <0.10 to 13.58 μg/l (median 0.405 μg/l). The median (range) concentrations of the urinary biomarkers were as follows: B-U 0.27 μg/l (<0.10–5.35), t,t-MA 0.060 mg/l (<0.02–0.92), SPMA 1.40 μg/l (0.20–14.70). Urinary SA concentrations ranged between <3 and 2,211 μg/l (median 28.00). Benzene concentration in blood and in urine as well as SPMA, but not t,t-MA, were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The best correlation between B-B and urinary biomarkers of exposure were obtained with benzene in urine (μg/l r = 0.514, P < 0.001; μg/g cr r = 0.478, P < 0.001) and SPMA (μg/l r = 0.495, P < 0.001; μg/g cr r = 0.426, P < 0.001) followed by t,t-MA (mg/l r = 0.363, P < 0.001; mg/g cr r = 0.300, P = 0.002). SA and t,t-MA were highly correlated (r = 0.618, P < 0.001; corrected for cr r = 0.637). Multiple linear regression showed that the variation of t,t-MA was mostly explained by SA concentration in urine (30% of the explained variance) and by B-B (12%). Variations of SPMA and B-U were explained for 18 and 29%, respectively, by B-B. About 30% of the variance of B-U and SPMA were explained by B-B and smoking status. Genetic polymorphisms for biotransformation enzymes (CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) did not significantly influence the urinary concentration of any of the three urinary biomarkers at this low level of exposure. Conclusion At low levels of benzene exposure (<0.1 ppm), (1) t,t-MA is definitely not a reliable biomarker of benzene exposure because of the clear influence of SA originating from food, (2) SPMA and B-U reflect the internal dose with almost similar accuracies, (3) genetically based inter-individual variability in urinary excretion of biomarkers seems negligible. It remains to assess which biomarker is the best predictor of health effects. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0381-6Authors Perrine Hoet, Université Catholique de Louvain Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine Brussels BelgiumErika De Smedt, Occupational Health Service, Total Raffinaderij Antwerpen Antwerpen BelgiumMassimo Ferrari, IRCCS Unità Operativa di Medicina Ambientale e Medicina Occupazionale, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalyMarcello Imbriani, IRCCS Unità Operativa di Medicina Ambientale e Medicina Occupazionale, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalyLuciano Maestri, IRCCS Laboratorio Studio e Monitoraggio dell’Esposizione a Inquinanti Aeriformi, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalySara Negri, IRCCS Laboratorio Studio e Monitoraggio dell’Esposizione a Inquinanti Aeriformi, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia ItalyPeter De Wilde, Occupational Health Service, Total Raffinaderij Antwerpen Antwerpen BelgiumDominique Lison, Université Catholique de Louvain Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine Brussels BelgiumVincent Haufroid, Université Catholique de Louvain Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine Brussels Belgium Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Working at night and work ability among nursing personnel: when precarious employment makes the difference
Fri, 14 Nov 2008 08:00:24 -0000
Abstract Purpose To test the association between night work and work ability, and verify whether the type of contractual employment has any influence over this association. Methods Permanent workers (N = 642) and workers with precarious jobs (temporary contract or outsourced; N = 552) were interviewed and filled out questionnaires concerning work hours and work ability index. They were classified into: never worked at night, ex-night workers, currently working up to five nights, and currently working at least six nights/2-week span. Results After adjusting for socio-demography and work variables, current night work was significantly associated with inadequate WAI (vs. day work with no experience in night work) only for precarious workers (OR 2.00, CI 1.01–3.95 and OR 1.85, CI 1.09–3.13 for those working up to five nights and those working at least six nights in 2 weeks, respectively). Conclusions Unequal opportunities at work and little experience in night work among precarious workers may explain their higher susceptibility to night work. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00420-008-0383-4Authors Lucia Rotenberg, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Laboratory of Health and Environment Education Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ 21045-900 BrazilRosane Harter Griep, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Laboratory of Health and Environment Education Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ 21045-900 BrazilFrida Marina Fischer, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo Av. Dr. Arnaldo 925 São Paulo SP 01246-904 BrazilMaria de Jesus Mendes Fonseca, School of Public Health, Fiocruz Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ 21041-210 BrazilPaul Landsbergis, Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Community and Preventive Medicine Box 1043 One Gustave Levy Place NewYork NY 10029 USA Journal International Archives of Occupational and Environmental HealthOnline ISSN 1432-1246Print ISSN 0340-0131
Occupational Therapy International
Retracted: Development of an education programme for caregivers of people aging with multiple sclerosis
Marcia Finlayson, Jennifer Dahl Garcia, Katharine L. Preissner Tue, 05 Feb 2008 03:48:00 -0000
The article from Occupational Therapy International, Development of an Education Program for Caregivers of People Aging with Multiple Sclerosis (DOI: 10.1002/OTI.245) by Marcia Finlayson, Jennifer Garcia and Katharine Preissner, published online on 5 February 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), has been retracted by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to dual publication of this article. Copyright ? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational Medicine - current issue
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE CALENDAR
Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
In this issue of Occupational Medicine
Patel, D. Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Nanocommentary: Occupational and environmental health and nanotechnology--what's new?
Sng, J., Koh, D. Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
PubMed: 0355-3140
Follow-up study of cancer incidence after chlorophenol exposure in a community in southern Finland.
Lampi P, Tuomisto J, Hakulinen T, Pukkala E Related Articles Follow-up study of cancer incidence after chlorophenol exposure in a community in southern Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Jun;34(3):230-3 Authors: Lampi P, Tuomisto J, Hakulinen T, Pukkala E OBJECTIVES: In the 1970s and 1980s, people in a village in southern Finland had been exposed to high concentrations of chlorophenols in the drinking water and in fish from a nearby lake. An ecological analysis and a case-control study conducted around 1990 indicated significant excess in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and soft-tissue cancer in the municipality and a relationship between the chlorophenol exposure and the incidence of these cancers. The present article reports a follow-up of cancer risk in the same study area during a 20-year period after the closing of the old water intake plant, which was contaminated by chlorophenols. METHODS: The observed and expected numbers of cancer were obtained for three periods, 1953-1971 (before exposure), 1972-1986 (during exposure) and 1987-2006 (after exposure), for all cancers combined and separately for cancers potentially related to chlorophenols. RESULTS: The present study demonstrates that all of the cancer risks returned to the average population level during the 20-year period after the old water intake plant was closed and chlorophenol exposure stopped. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid changes in cancer risk after changes in chlorophenol exposure suggest that chlorophenols may have a promotion effect in the carcinogenic process. PMID: 18728913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Prediction of dropout from respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation in a longitudinal respiratory study.
Søyseth V, Johnsen HL, Kongerud J Related Articles Prediction of dropout from respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation in a longitudinal respiratory study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Jun;34(3):224-9 Authors: Søyseth V, Johnsen HL, Kongerud J OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the possibility that employees reporting respiratory symptoms were more likely than asymptomatic workers to dropout of a respiratory study carried out in Norwegian smelters. METHODS: The study included 3924 employees in 24 Norwegian smelters. They were examined annually using a respiratory questionnaire and spirometry. The employees who did not meet for the follow-up within 18 months prior to the end of the study were considered dropouts. The data were analyzed using Cox regression for time-dependent covariates. RESULTS: The total and the median follow-up times were 16 997 and 4.9 years, respectively. The overall dropout rate was 44.5 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 41.5-47.8 per 1000 person-years]. The hazard ratio (HR) for dropout was 1.38 (95% CI 1.15-1.66) for the workers reporting any respiratory symptom compared with the asymptomatic workers. The effect was the strongest among the employees who reported dyspnea, and it was stronger regarding symptoms at the last visit than for the baseline symptoms. Similarly, the hazard ratio for dropout for those with an airflow limitation [forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity below the 5th percentile of the predicted value] was 1.31 (95% CI 1.01-1.69) when they were compared with employees without any airflow limitation. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation are important predictors of dropout from a longitudinal respiratory study. PMID: 18728912 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
A diary study to open up the black box of overtime work among university faculty members.
Beckers DG, van Hooff ML, van der Linden D, Kompier MA, Taris TW, Geurts SA Related Articles A diary study to open up the black box of overtime work among university faculty members. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Jun;34(3):213-23 Authors: Beckers DG, van Hooff ML, van der Linden D, Kompier MA, Taris TW, Geurts SA OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at opening up the black box of overtime work among university faculty members by providing information on (i) when faculty members work overtime, (ii) what activities are undertaken during overtime, and (iii) how overtime is experienced. METHODS: Data were collected among 120 Dutch faculty members who completed a general questionnaire (addressing general overtime hours, work characteristics, and well-being) and a 9-day diary study (with information on daily overtime hours, activities, and experiences). Analyses of variance were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Overtime was very prevalent among faculty members, high overtime workers being nonfatigued, engaged employees with positive work characteristics. Overtime was unevenly distributed over the week, being common on Sunday and Monday and uncommon on Friday and Saturday. Overtime activities during the weekend differed from those during the workweek, relatively much time being spent on research during weekend overtime. Overtime activities were experienced differently than activities during regular hours, overtime work being experienced as less effortful and less stressful than regular workhours and weekend overtime being less pleasurable than regular hours and evening overtime. CONCLUSIONS: This detailed day-to-day mapping and evaluation of overtime work contributes to a better understanding of overtime work by demonstrating meaningful patterns of overtime over the (work)week and meaningful associations between overtime activities and time-contingent experiences. It is suggested that worktime control plays an important role in explaining the results. PMID: 18728911 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Annals of Occupational Hygiene - current issue
Canada, Chrysotile, and the Search for Truth
Ogden, T. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Characterization and Kinetics Study of Off-Gas Emissions from Stored Wood Pellets
Kuang, X., Shankar, T. J., Bi, X. T., Sokhansanj, S., Jim Lim, C., Melin, S. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
The full potential health impact from the emissions of biomass fuels, including wood pellets, during storage and transportation has not been documented in the open literature. The purpose of this study is to provide data on the concentration of CO2, CO and CH4 from wood pellets stored in sealed vessels and to develop a kinetic model for predicting the transient emission rate factors at different storage temperatures. Five 45-l metal containers (305 mm diameter by 610 mm long) equipped with heating and temperature control devices were used to study the temperature effect on the off-gas emissions from wood pellets. Concurrently, ten 2-l aluminum canisters (100 mm diameter by 250 mm long) were used to study the off-gas emissions from different types of biomass materials. Concentrations of CO2, CO and CH4 were measured by a gas chromatograph as a function of storage time and storage temperature. The results showed that the concentrations of CO, CO2 and CH4 in the sealed space of the reactor increased over time, fast at the beginning but leveling off after a few days. A first-order reaction kinetics fitted the data well. The maximum concentration and the time it takes for the buildup of gas concentrations can be predicted using kinetic equations
Variability and Determinants of Wood Dust and Resin Acid Exposure during Wood Pellet Production: Measurement Strategies and Bias in Assessing Exposure-Response Relationships
Hagstrom, K., Lundholm, C., Eriksson, K., Liljelind, I. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Production of wood pellets is a relatively new and expanding industry in which the exposure profiles differ from those in other wood-processing industries like carpentries and sawmills where there are lower levels of wood dust. Sixty-eight personal exposure measurements of wood dust (inhalable and total dust) and resin acids were collected for 44 participants at four production plants located in Sweden. Results were used to estimate within- and between-worker variability and to identify uniformly exposed groups and determinants of exposure. In addition, overexposure, whether the risk of the long-term mean exposure of a randomly selected worker exceeding the occupational exposure limit is acceptably low, was calculated as well as the underestimation of the exposure–response relationship (attenuation). Greater variability in exposure between work shifts than between workers was observed with the within-worker variation accounting for 57–99% of the total variance in the individual-based model. Several uniformly exposed groups were detected but were mostly associated with a between-worker variation of zero which is an underestimation of the between-worker variation but an indication of uniformly exposed groups. Cleaning was identified as a work task that increases exposure slightly; so reducing workers' exposure during this operation is advisable. The levels of wood dust were high and were found to pose unacceptable risks of overexposure at all plants for inhalable dust and at three out of four plants for total dust. These findings show that exposure to dust needs to be reduced in this industry. For resin acids, the exposure was classed as acceptable at all plants. According to an individual-based model constructed from the data, the level of attenuation was high, and thus there would be substantial bias in derived dose–response relationships.
Exposure to Manufactured Nanostructured Particles in an Industrial Pilot Plant
Demou, E., Peter, P., Hellweg, S. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Objectives: Nanomaterial production and the number of people directly in contact with these materials are increasing. Yet, little is known on the association between exposure and corresponding risks, such as pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods: Condensation Particle Counters, a DustTrakTM and Scanning Mobility Particle SizerTM quantified real-time size, mass and number concentrations in a nanostructure particle pilot-scale production facility, using a high-temperature gas-phase process, over a 25-day period. Temporal and spatial analysis of particle concentrations and sizes was performed during production, maintenance and handling. Number-based particle retention of breathing mask filters used under real-time production and exposure conditions in the workplace was quantified. Results: The results demonstrate elevated number concentrations during production, which can be an order of magnitude higher than background levels. Average concentrations during production were 59 100 cm–3 and 0.188 mg m–3 for submicron particles. Mask filters decreased particle number concentrations by >96%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates real-time worker exposure during gas-phase nanoparticle manufacturing. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of emission sources and concentration levels in a production plant is accomplished. These results are important for workers, employers and regulators in the nanotechnology field as they provide information on encountered exposures and possibilities for mitigation measures.
Temporal Evolution of Nanoparticle Aerosols in Workplace Exposure
Seipenbusch, M., Binder, A., Kasper, G. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
The evolution in time of a nanoparticle (NP) aerosol released into a simulated workplace environment was investigated for different starting scenarios including (i) NP release into a particle-free atmosphere and (ii) release in presence of a pre-existing background aerosol. In each case, particle number distributions and total number concentrations in a 2 m3 aerosol chamber were monitored over several hours. On the time scale and under the conditions relevant for workplace exposure, collisions between NP within their own size class and, if present, with the background aerosol were identified as the most important mechanism driving the change in particle size and number concentration. A model has been formulated on the basis of well-known aerosol dynamic principles to predict the evolution of NP number concentration for a defined source and a defined environment (a given background aerosol concentration). A dimensionless number is introduced to scale the rate of NP concentration change relative to background aerosol concentration and particle size, which scales inversely with the concentration of free NP in the atmosphere. Beyond the physical change, the emergence of binary agglomerates constitutes a change in chemical composition of the aerosol. It is shown that the NPs are still chemically present in the aerosol after becoming attached to background particles, thus remaining airborne while being invisible in the size distribution.
Determining the Dustiness of Powders--A Comparison of three Measuring Devices
Bach, S., Schmidt, E. Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0000
The dustiness of 12 test powders was determined using three different measuring methods. One of the methods, the continuous drop method, is a reference test method according to the EN 15051 ‘Workplace atmospheres—Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials—Requirements and reference test methods’. A test of equivalence between the reference test method and the other two methods, the modified Heubach Dustmeter, a rotating drum method and the Palas Dustview, a single-drop method, has been carried out as provided in Annex D of the European standard. No equivalence was found between any of the test methods. An applied best-case scenario yielded a slightly better outcome, but the results lead to the conclusion that it is impossible to generate viable values using the test of equivalence provided in the standard. This outcome was expected and is due to the different handling procedures applied—which, however, relates to the reality of the variety of material-handling procedures in the workplace.
Sites:
medicine consulting: Based in Toronto, Canada.Access Medical, Inc.: Access Medical, Inc.(AMI) an Independent Medical Evaluation (IME) company, using fully accredited physicians and chiropractors to provide a professional medical disability evaluations service.
American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine: Professional organization representing US occupational physicians. Aims to promote and protect the health of workers through preventive services, clinical care, research, and educational programs.
Arthur Hadley Medicine: Weight Loss and Aesthetic Medicine are the focus of Dr. Hadley's practice. Botox, Collagen, Radiance, Sclerotherapy (Varicose Veins), Mesotherapy, Skin Peels, Flu Shots, Travel Shots, FAA Flight Physicals - he does it all! Voted one of Houston's TOP DOCS 2004 (H Texas Magazine), he is certified ...
Australasian Faculty of Occupational Medicine (AFOM): Responsible for the standards of training and practice of occupational medicine in Australasia.
Bensalem Family Health Center, P.C.: Welcome to the website of the Besalem Family Health Center. We are located in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, a suburb of northeast Philadelphia. Since 1983 our modern walk-in Immediate Care Center functions 7 days per week so your illness or injury can receive prompt medical attention. Our facilit...
CIC Occupational Medicine: CIC Occupational Medicine is a specialty Occupational Medicine practice in Illinois. Brian R. Briggs, MD, MPH is the Medical Director.
Dr. McKay, University of Cincinnati: Lung function training courses and respiratory protection and fit testing workshop by Dr. Roy McKay, University of Cincinnati. Pulmonary and Respiratory Protection Services include occupational asthma, peak flow, pulmonary function procedures manual, pulmonary surveillance, trend analysis, pulmon...
Duke Occupational and Environmental Medicine: Duke Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Occupational Medicine at Duke University Medical Center. The Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine is the home for the largest and most dynamic forum in Occupational Medicine, including 2000 active subscribers from more than 30 countries. ...
Faculty of Occupational Medicine: Body which sets standards and certifies Occupational Medicine training in UK.
GAGE Occupational and Environmental Health Unit: Brief, but well-structured information on occupational hygiene training.
Health, Environment and Work: A British site with a huge selection of links to other resources. Also has mirror of the Duke University site.
OccNet: Alliance Health for Business provides you with a full range of workplace solutions to help keep your employees healthy. By combining the resources of the leading health care providers and the area's best hospitals, you have access to high quality, cost effective, accessible care.
Occupational Medicine Jobs: Physician jobs for all specialties throughout North America.
Pratt Medical Center: Multidisciplinary group practice, based in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
Professional Rehabilitation and Occupational Services, Inc.: Vocational consulting and evaluation, medical case management, and other work-related services. Oklahoma based corporation that handles clients in Kansas, Arkansas, Missouri, and California.
Rapid Response Urgent Care: Rapid Response Urgent Care is located in Garner and Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina. It is our mission to provide the
Runde Occupational and Environmental Physicians: Located in Columbia, MO, Runde Occupational and Environmental Physicians, PC, is a leader in Occupational Medicine and workplace safety.
St. Elizabeth Business Health Services: Information on services provided for business and industry in the Northern Kentucky area. Includes services, location, in the news, events and contact information.
The Society of Occupational Medicine: The society for doctors providing occupational health services in the workplace, the armed services and academic institutions in the UK
US Department of Energy, Office of Occupational Medicine and Medical Surveillance: A proactive participant in activities which enhance worker protection. Useful sets of guidelines and information.
This directory is based on the Open Directory and may have been modified