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NCCAM Featured Content
September Is Healthy Aging Month
Fri, 29 Aug 2008 16:00:00 -0500
The older population is growing rapidly, and the aging of the "baby boomers," born between 1946 and 1964 (and who begin turning age 65 in 2011), will accelerate this growth. Healthy Aging Month was designed to focus national attention on the positive aspects of growing older. Many older Americans use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to improve their health and maintain wellness. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) conducts and supports research on many conditions associated with aging and provides information on how to be an informed consumer.
Paying for CAM Treatment
Thu, 21 Aug 2008 17:00:00 -0500
If you are using (or thinking about using), you may have financial questions about paying for treatment. This fact sheet answers some frequently asked questions on this topic. To find out more about any topic or resource that is mentioned. What are some questions to ask about paying for CAM treatment? Some questions to ask a CAM practitioner or his office staff are: What does the first appointment cost? What do followup appointments cost? How many appointments does someone with my condition typically need? Are there any additional costs (such as for tests, equipment, or supplements)? If you have a health insurance plan, some other questions are: Do you accept this insurance? What has your experience been with coverage by this insurance company for my condition? Do I file the claim forms, or do you take care of that? If it would be difficult for you to pay the full fee at each visit, you can ask: Could you arrange a payment plan over time? Do you offer a sliding-scale fee? (Sliding-scale fees are determined by people's income and ability to pay.)
Executive Summary of Meditation for Health Purposes Workshop
Wed, 13 Aug 2008 14:00:00 -0500
The purpose of the meeting was to articulate potential goals and directions for research on the mechanisms and efficacy of meditation practices for a variety of health concerns. Experts from a range of disciplines and with a wide range of involvement in the field of meditation research were asked to critically examine the current state of science on meditation for health, and to identify existing or potential intersections and contributions from their fields to further this area of science. This group developed a set of critical questions and approaches that could better inform future research in this area.
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine - current issue
eCAM: Early Harvest
Cooper, E. L. Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Second World Ayurveda Congress (Theme: Ayurveda for the Future)--Inaugural Address: Part II
Mashelkar, R. A. Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Can Vitex Agnus Castus be Used for the Treatment of Mastalgia? What is the Current Evidence?
Carmichael, A.R. Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
There have been many treatments suggested for the management of mastalgia; one of these is the fruit extract of Vitex Agnus castus L. commonly known as Agnus castus, an extract of a deciduous shrub native to Mediterranean Europe and Central Asia. It is postulated that A. castus suppresses the stress-induced latent hyperprolactinemia which is a release of supra-physiological levels of prolactin in some patients in response to stressful stimuli. It is postulated that A. castus could be effective in the treatment of cyclical mastalgia by inhibiting the release of excess prolactin by blocking Dopamine-2 receptor type on pituitary. The adverse events following A. castus treatment are mild and reversible. The aim of this review is assess the efficacy of A. castus in the treatment of mastalgia. Data from randomized and non-randomized studies regarding the efficacy and safety of A. castus is reviewed in a systematic fashion. It is concluded that A. castus can be considered as an efficient alternative phytotherapeutic agent in the treatment of mastalgia.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - Latest articles
Pharmacokinetic and metabolic effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in healthy volunteers receiving the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir
Adriana SA Andrade, Craig Hendrix, Teresa L Parsons, Benjamin Caballero, Chun-su Yuan, Charles W Flexner, Adrian S Dobs and Todd T Brown Tue, 19 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is prevalent among HIV-infected patients to reduce the toxicity of antiretroviral therapy. Ginseng has been used for treatment of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, a common side effect of some HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI). However, it is unknown whether American ginseng (AG) can reverse insulin resistance induced by the PI indinavir (IDV), and whether these two agents interact pharmacologically. We evaluated potential pharmacokinetic interactions between indinavir and AG, and assessed whether AG improves IDV-induced insulin resistance. Methods: After baseline assessment of insulin sensitivity using the insulin clamp technique, healthy volunteers received IDV 800 mg q8 h for 3 days and then IDV and AG 1g q8h for 14 days. IDV Pharmacokinetics and insulin sensitivity were assessed before and after AG co-administration. Results: There was no difference in the IDV area-under-the-curve after the co-administration of AG, compared to IDV alone (n=13). Although insulin-stimulated glucose disposal per unit of insulin (M/I) decreased by an average of 14.8 +/- 5.9% after 3 days of IDV (from 0.113 +/- 0.012 to 0.096 +/- 0.014 mg/kgFFM/min per muU/ml of insulin, p=0.03, n=11), M/I remained unchanged after co-administration of IDV and AG. Conclusions: IDV decreases insulin sensitivity, which is unaltered by AG co-administration. AG does not significantly affect IDV pharmacokinetics.
Kihi-to, a herbal traditional medicine, improves Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses
Chihiro Tohda, Rie Naito and Eri Joyashiki Sat, 16 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Background: We previously hypothesized that achievement of recovery of brain function after the injury requires the reconstruction of neuronal networks, including neurite regeneration and synapse reformation. Kihi-to is composed of twelve crude drugs, some of which have already been shown to possess neurite extension properties in our previous studies. The effect of Kihi-to on memory deficit has not been examined. Thus, the goal of the present study is to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of Kihi-to on memory, neurite growth and synapse reconstruction. Methods: Effects of Kihi-to, a traditional Japanese-Chinese traditional medicine, on memory deficits and losses of neurites and synapses were examined using Alzheimer's disease model mice. Improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced neuritic atrophy by Kihi-to and the mechanism were investigated in cultured cortical neurons. Results: Administration of Kihi-to for consecutive 3 days resulted in marked improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced impairments in memory acquisition, memory retention, and object recognition memory in mice. Immunohistochemical comparisons suggested that Kihi-to attenuated neuritic, synaptic and myelin losses in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Kihi-to also attenuated the calpain increase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. When Kihi-to was added to cells 4 days after Abeta(25-35) treatment, axonal and dendritic outgrowths in cultured cortical neurons were restored as demonstrated by extended lengths of phosphorylated neurofilament-H (P-NF-H) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2-positive neurites. Abeta(25-35)-induced cell death in cortical culture was also markedly inhibited by Kihi-to. Since NF-H, MAP2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) are substrates of calpain, and calpain is known to be involved in Abeta-induced axonal atrophy, expression levels of calpain and calpastatin were measured. Treatment with Kihi-to inhibited the Abeta(25-35)-evoked increase in the calpain level and decrease in the calpastatin level. In addition, Kihi-to inhibited Abeta(25-35)-induced calcium entry. Conclusion: In conclusion Kihi-to clearly improved the memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses.
Mapping patterns of complementary and alternative medicine use in cancer: an explorative cross-sectional study of individuals with reported positive "exceptional" experiences
Johanna Hok, Carol Tishelman, Alexander Ploner, Anette Forss and Torkel Falkenberg Fri, 08 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Background: While the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patients is common and widespread, levels of commitment to CAM vary. "Committed" CAM use is important to investigate, as it may be associated with elevated risks and benefits, and may affect use of biomedically-oriented health care (BHC). Multiple methodological approaches were used to explore and map patterns of CAM use among individuals postulated to be committed users, voluntarily reporting exceptional experiences associated with CAM use after cancer diagnosis. Method: The verbatim transcripts of thirty-eight unstructured interviews were analyzed in two steps. First, manifest content analysis was used to elucidate and map participants' use of CAM, based on the National Center for Complementary Medicine (NCCAM)'s classification system. Second, patterns of CAM use were explored statistically using principal component analysis. FindingsThe 38 participants reported using a total of 274 specific CAM (median=4) consisting of 148 different therapeutic modalities. Most reported therapies could be categorized using the NCCAM taxonomy (n=224). However, a significant number of CAM therapies were not consistent with this categorization (n=50); consequently, we introduced two additional categories: Spiritual/health literature and Treatment centers. The two factors explaining the largest proportion of variation in CAM usage patterns were a) number of CAM modalities used and b) a category preference for Energy therapies over the categories Alternative Medical Systems and Treatment centers or vice versa. DiscussionWe found considerable heterogeneity in patterns of CAM use. By analyzing users' own descriptions of CAM in relation to the most commonly used predefined professional taxonomy, this study highlights discrepancies between user and professional conceptualizations of CAM not previously addressed. Beyond variations in users' reports of CAM, our findings indicate some patterns in CAM usage related to number of therapies used and preference for different CAM categories.
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September Is Healthy Aging Month
Fri, 29 Aug 2008 16:00:00 -0500
The older population is growing rapidly, and the aging of the "baby boomers," born between 1946 and 1964 (and who begin turning age 65 in 2011), will accelerate this growth. Healthy Aging Month was designed to focus national attention on the positive aspects of growing older. Many older Americans use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to improve their health and maintain wellness. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) conducts and supports research on many conditions associated with aging and provides information on how to be an informed consumer.
Paying for CAM Treatment
Thu, 21 Aug 2008 17:00:00 -0500
If you are using (or thinking about using), you may have financial questions about paying for treatment. This fact sheet answers some frequently asked questions on this topic. To find out more about any topic or resource that is mentioned. What are some questions to ask about paying for CAM treatment? Some questions to ask a CAM practitioner or his office staff are: What does the first appointment cost? What do followup appointments cost? How many appointments does someone with my condition typically need? Are there any additional costs (such as for tests, equipment, or supplements)? If you have a health insurance plan, some other questions are: Do you accept this insurance? What has your experience been with coverage by this insurance company for my condition? Do I file the claim forms, or do you take care of that? If it would be difficult for you to pay the full fee at each visit, you can ask: Could you arrange a payment plan over time? Do you offer a sliding-scale fee? (Sliding-scale fees are determined by people's income and ability to pay.)
Executive Summary of Meditation for Health Purposes Workshop
Wed, 13 Aug 2008 14:00:00 -0500
The purpose of the meeting was to articulate potential goals and directions for research on the mechanisms and efficacy of meditation practices for a variety of health concerns. Experts from a range of disciplines and with a wide range of involvement in the field of meditation research were asked to critically examine the current state of science on meditation for health, and to identify existing or potential intersections and contributions from their fields to further this area of science. This group developed a set of critical questions and approaches that could better inform future research in this area.
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine - current issue
eCAM: Early Harvest
Cooper, E. L. Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Second World Ayurveda Congress (Theme: Ayurveda for the Future)--Inaugural Address: Part II
Mashelkar, R. A. Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Can Vitex Agnus Castus be Used for the Treatment of Mastalgia? What is the Current Evidence?
Carmichael, A.R. Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
There have been many treatments suggested for the management of mastalgia; one of these is the fruit extract of Vitex Agnus castus L. commonly known as Agnus castus, an extract of a deciduous shrub native to Mediterranean Europe and Central Asia. It is postulated that A. castus suppresses the stress-induced latent hyperprolactinemia which is a release of supra-physiological levels of prolactin in some patients in response to stressful stimuli. It is postulated that A. castus could be effective in the treatment of cyclical mastalgia by inhibiting the release of excess prolactin by blocking Dopamine-2 receptor type on pituitary. The adverse events following A. castus treatment are mild and reversible. The aim of this review is assess the efficacy of A. castus in the treatment of mastalgia. Data from randomized and non-randomized studies regarding the efficacy and safety of A. castus is reviewed in a systematic fashion. It is concluded that A. castus can be considered as an efficient alternative phytotherapeutic agent in the treatment of mastalgia.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - Latest articles
Pharmacokinetic and metabolic effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in healthy volunteers receiving the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir
Adriana SA Andrade, Craig Hendrix, Teresa L Parsons, Benjamin Caballero, Chun-su Yuan, Charles W Flexner, Adrian S Dobs and Todd T Brown Tue, 19 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is prevalent among HIV-infected patients to reduce the toxicity of antiretroviral therapy. Ginseng has been used for treatment of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, a common side effect of some HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI). However, it is unknown whether American ginseng (AG) can reverse insulin resistance induced by the PI indinavir (IDV), and whether these two agents interact pharmacologically. We evaluated potential pharmacokinetic interactions between indinavir and AG, and assessed whether AG improves IDV-induced insulin resistance. Methods: After baseline assessment of insulin sensitivity using the insulin clamp technique, healthy volunteers received IDV 800 mg q8 h for 3 days and then IDV and AG 1g q8h for 14 days. IDV Pharmacokinetics and insulin sensitivity were assessed before and after AG co-administration. Results: There was no difference in the IDV area-under-the-curve after the co-administration of AG, compared to IDV alone (n=13). Although insulin-stimulated glucose disposal per unit of insulin (M/I) decreased by an average of 14.8 +/- 5.9% after 3 days of IDV (from 0.113 +/- 0.012 to 0.096 +/- 0.014 mg/kgFFM/min per muU/ml of insulin, p=0.03, n=11), M/I remained unchanged after co-administration of IDV and AG. Conclusions: IDV decreases insulin sensitivity, which is unaltered by AG co-administration. AG does not significantly affect IDV pharmacokinetics.
Kihi-to, a herbal traditional medicine, improves Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses
Chihiro Tohda, Rie Naito and Eri Joyashiki Sat, 16 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Background: We previously hypothesized that achievement of recovery of brain function after the injury requires the reconstruction of neuronal networks, including neurite regeneration and synapse reformation. Kihi-to is composed of twelve crude drugs, some of which have already been shown to possess neurite extension properties in our previous studies. The effect of Kihi-to on memory deficit has not been examined. Thus, the goal of the present study is to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of Kihi-to on memory, neurite growth and synapse reconstruction. Methods: Effects of Kihi-to, a traditional Japanese-Chinese traditional medicine, on memory deficits and losses of neurites and synapses were examined using Alzheimer's disease model mice. Improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced neuritic atrophy by Kihi-to and the mechanism were investigated in cultured cortical neurons. Results: Administration of Kihi-to for consecutive 3 days resulted in marked improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced impairments in memory acquisition, memory retention, and object recognition memory in mice. Immunohistochemical comparisons suggested that Kihi-to attenuated neuritic, synaptic and myelin losses in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Kihi-to also attenuated the calpain increase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. When Kihi-to was added to cells 4 days after Abeta(25-35) treatment, axonal and dendritic outgrowths in cultured cortical neurons were restored as demonstrated by extended lengths of phosphorylated neurofilament-H (P-NF-H) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2-positive neurites. Abeta(25-35)-induced cell death in cortical culture was also markedly inhibited by Kihi-to. Since NF-H, MAP2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) are substrates of calpain, and calpain is known to be involved in Abeta-induced axonal atrophy, expression levels of calpain and calpastatin were measured. Treatment with Kihi-to inhibited the Abeta(25-35)-evoked increase in the calpain level and decrease in the calpastatin level. In addition, Kihi-to inhibited Abeta(25-35)-induced calcium entry. Conclusion: In conclusion Kihi-to clearly improved the memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses.
Mapping patterns of complementary and alternative medicine use in cancer: an explorative cross-sectional study of individuals with reported positive "exceptional" experiences
Johanna Hok, Carol Tishelman, Alexander Ploner, Anette Forss and Torkel Falkenberg Fri, 08 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Background: While the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patients is common and widespread, levels of commitment to CAM vary. "Committed" CAM use is important to investigate, as it may be associated with elevated risks and benefits, and may affect use of biomedically-oriented health care (BHC). Multiple methodological approaches were used to explore and map patterns of CAM use among individuals postulated to be committed users, voluntarily reporting exceptional experiences associated with CAM use after cancer diagnosis. Method: The verbatim transcripts of thirty-eight unstructured interviews were analyzed in two steps. First, manifest content analysis was used to elucidate and map participants' use of CAM, based on the National Center for Complementary Medicine (NCCAM)'s classification system. Second, patterns of CAM use were explored statistically using principal component analysis. FindingsThe 38 participants reported using a total of 274 specific CAM (median=4) consisting of 148 different therapeutic modalities. Most reported therapies could be categorized using the NCCAM taxonomy (n=224). However, a significant number of CAM therapies were not consistent with this categorization (n=50); consequently, we introduced two additional categories: Spiritual/health literature and Treatment centers. The two factors explaining the largest proportion of variation in CAM usage patterns were a) number of CAM modalities used and b) a category preference for Energy therapies over the categories Alternative Medical Systems and Treatment centers or vice versa. DiscussionWe found considerable heterogeneity in patterns of CAM use. By analyzing users' own descriptions of CAM in relation to the most commonly used predefined professional taxonomy, this study highlights discrepancies between user and professional conceptualizations of CAM not previously addressed. Beyond variations in users' reports of CAM, our findings indicate some patterns in CAM usage related to number of therapies used and preference for different CAM categories.
Sites:
Botanical.com: Provides an electronic, searchable version of A Modern Herbal, by Maud Grieve. Also includes message boards, articles, book reviews, and links.Herbs and Aromas: Herbs and medicinal plants properties and uses. Description on how to prepare home made herbal remedies, cosmetics, perfumes and flavored oils
Alternative Nature Herbals: Extensive herbal site, featuring medicinal herbs, hundreds of herb pictures, herbal medicine uses, Herbal Videos, medicinal plant cultivation
American Botanical Council: Welcome to the American Botanical Council, educating the public on the responsible use of herbs and phytomedicines.
BC Herb Growers Association: Provides information about the organization and its members, news, educational opportunities, and an online herb database.
Botanical Dermatology Database: An electronic, searchable version of Botanical Dermatology, by John Mitchell and Arthur Rook, which includes a botanical index.
Bouquet Garni Herbs: Discover the secrets of herb gardening and master the art of using herbs in mouth watering recipes, home remedies and natural skin care products...
Culpeper's Herbal Online: 800+ texts of classic literature, drama, and poetry together with detailed literature study guides. Large reference book and non-fiction section
Diet-and-Health.net: Naturopathy: Includes list of herbs using in naturopathic remedies, with information about their uses and hazards.
Elchai's Herbal Lore and Remedies: An Herbal Internet Magazine with a focus on today's health concerns.
Essiac Information Site: Information about the herbal tea known as essiac, including history, controversial issues, scams, marketer ethics, product prices, and recipes.
Evening-Primrose-Oil.com: A guide to the health benefits of evening primrose oil.
goodHealthinfo.net: Holistic healing methods related to internal energy. Information on herbs, macrobiotics, chi kung, meditation, energy balance, and radiation. Interviews with seven Boston-area herbalists.
GreyWing’s Herbal: Herbal Grimoire,Herb Preparation and Lore from a New England Wiccan Garden,Wicca Basics,Book of Shadows and Spells and Rituals
Healing Herbs: Healing Herbs is an interactive community offering herbal information, gardening, chat, discussion groups, recipes, herb photos and more. Your presence, questions and contributions to content are welcome! However, regrettably I've had to restrict membership in an effort to keep out the spammer...
Herb Net: The most comprehensive site for all things herbal: marketing, growing, using and more. We cover all aspects of herbs: medicinal, culinary, aromatic and ornamental. We offer links to herbal associations, publications and information on herbs as well as a calendar of events.
Herb Research Foundation: Learn about herbs for health from the nonprofit Herb Research Foundation dedicated to responsible informed self-care with medicinal plants
Herb Wisdom: Includes information about toxicity, recipes, lore, history, remedies, and herbs for pets.
Herbal Contraception: Discussion of herbs that have been used through history to prevent conception, with modern observations on how they work.
Herbal Legacy: The Herbal Legacy of America's herbology pioneer, Dr. John R. Christopher. Includes ailments, formulas, recipes, programs and literature about herbs and natural healing.
Herbal Safety: Facts and safety information presented by the University of Texas El Paso. Includes an introduction to scientific monographs, herb fact sheets, articles, and presentations.
Herbs for Weight Loss: About effectiveness and safety of herbs for weight loss and herbal diet supplements, including ephedra, hoodia gordonii, cayenne, green tea, seaweed, nettle, ginseng, cascara, and senna
Herbs Herbals: Herbs Herbals herb and herbal remedies - www.HerbsHerbals.com
Herbtalk Discussion: Herbtalk-discussion: Welcome to Herbtalk, a discussion group for people who are interested in herbs and alternative medicine.
Holisticonline.com: Herbs: Herbal Medicine, sometimes referred to as Herbalism or Botanical Medicine, is the use of herbs for their therapeutic or medicinal value. An herb is a plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, aromatic or savory qualities. Herb plants produce and contain a variety of chemical substances t...
Home Made Medicine: Home Remedies are the best way to treat diseases, this site shows a complete Natural Remedies guide of home remedies and natural remedies to show how to use home remedies to cure and improve health with natural remedies.
Juniper and Sage: Includes information on preparing and using herbs for medicinal and culinary purposes, and organic growing and wildcrafting.
kellymom.com: Herbs and Breastfeeding: kellymom.com - Breastfeeding and Parenting. Evidence-based information on breastfeeding and parenting issues.
Laurie Lacey's Wild World of Plants: Laurie Lacey is a naturalist author/speaker on Nature Therapy, and Natural Healing, and a specialist in Native plant medicines and ethnobotany.
Medicines and Foods from the Wild: Information about identifying, preparing, and using wild medicinal and edible plants in the northeastern United States.
National Institute of Medical Herbalists: Founded in 1864, NIMH is the oldest body of professional practising herbalists in the western world. Information and frequently asked questions about herbs.
Natural Facts: Cenovis™ Kids Brain Power has been specially formulated to help support children’s brain development and learning ability, including concentration, memory and problem solving.
Padma 28 And Tibetan Herbal Formulation: Discusses clinical and research study about Padma 28, a tibetan herbal formulation.
Pioneer Thinking: Herbal Health: A guide to what herbs can be helpful to you, we have compiled an A-Z database of herbs and ailments they have been known to help..
Southwest School of Botanical Medicine: Medicinal plant photographs, illustrations, maps, abstracts, constituents, monographs, major papers and folios by genus and species.
Suite 101: Herbalism: An in-depth study of the uses of herbs from medicinal to magical, covering facts to folklore, using, growing, etc. Each herb is taken individually and investigated in depth. In addition, we will branch out into specific uses, such as using natural dyes, to suggestions for seasonal (and safe!) hom...
Suite 101: Historical Uses of Herbs: Within my topic "The Historical Uses of Herbs" it is my intent to write articles regarding herbs and their historical uses. Sometimes I will examine on a single herb attempting to outline it's history. Other times I may focus on herbs generally for a specific historical period.
The Daisy Institute: The Daisy Institute is a progressive field research organization devoted to the identification of therapeutic/healer-plants with superior medicinal properties against deadly diseases -- priceless new discoveries that everyone should know and have.
The Herb Coach: We have a large range of Non-toxic soaps and creams, neutralizing liquids and gels. Come in and have a look at what we have on offer for you and your family.
The Herb Index: dedicated to .NET Software Development and ORM
The Herb Society of America: Welcome to The Herb Society of America Homepage
The Herbal Encyclopedia: natural health, alternative health, herbs, herbal medicine, natural medicine
The Herbal Nexus: The Herbal Nexus: Herbs are discussed from folkloric and research perspectives. Photographs. Includes a message forum. Essays and articles.
Trickstar in the Herb Garden: Native American and Traditional Plant Medicines
This directory is based on the Open Directory and may have been modified